A former classmate posted this article on Facebook this morning and I really liked it. As a hobby writer and a reader (I don't really read digital except on the computer - I prefer actual books), these were great. So I wanted to share them with you as well. Upon reading the article, it was apparently updated shortly thereafter with 11 additional ones, which I have posted below the original 14.
Enjoy. @Mentalfloss.com thanks for the article.
Here’s an ambiguous sentence for you: “Because of the agency’s
oversight, the corporation’s behavior was sanctioned.” Does that mean,
'Because the agency oversaw the company’s behavior, they imposed a
penalty for some transgression' or does it mean, 'Because the agency was
inattentive, they overlooked the misbehavior and gave it their approval
by default'? We’ve stumbled into the looking-glass world of
“contronyms”—words that are their own antonyms.
1. Sanction (via French, from Latin
sanctio(n-), from
sancire ‘ratify,’) can mean ‘give official permission or approval for (an action)’ or conversely, ‘impose a penalty on.’
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2. Oversight is the noun form of two verbs with contrary meanings, “oversee” and “overlook.” “Oversee,” from Old English
ofersēon ‘look at from above,’ means ‘supervise’ (medieval Latin for the same thing:
super- ‘over’ +
videre
‘to see.’) “Overlook” usually means the opposite: ‘to fail to see or
observe; to pass over without noticing; to disregard, ignore.’
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3. Left can mean either remaining or departed. If
the gentlemen have withdrawn to the drawing room for after-dinner
cigars, who’s left? (The gentlemen have left and the ladies are left.)
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4. Dust, along with the next two words, is a noun turned into a verb meaning either to add or to
remove
the thing in question. Only the context will tell you which it is. When
you dust are you applying dust or removing it? It depends whether
you’re dusting the crops or the furniture.
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5. Seed can also go either way. If you seed the lawn you add seeds, but if you seed a tomato you remove them.
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6. Stone is another verb to use with caution. You
can stone some peaches, but please don’t stone your neighbor (even if he
says he likes to get stoned).
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7. Trim as a verb predates the noun, but it can
also mean either adding or taking away. Arising from an Old English word
meaning ‘to make firm or strong; to settle, arrange,’ “trim” came to
mean ‘to prepare, make ready.’ Depending on who or what was being
readied, it could mean either of two contradictory things: ‘to decorate
something with ribbons, laces, or the like to give it a finished
appearance’ or ‘to cut off the outgrowths or irregularities of.’ And the
context doesn’t always make it clear. If you’re trimming the tree are
you using tinsel or a chain saw?
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8. Cleave can be cleaved into two “homographs,”
words with different origins that end up spelled the same. “Cleave,”
meaning ‘to cling to or adhere,’ comes from an Old English word that
took the forms cleofian, clifian, or clīfan. “Cleave,” with the contrary
meaning ‘to split or sever (something), ‘ as you might do with a
cleaver, comes from a different Old English word, clēofan. The past
participle has taken various forms: “cloven,” which survives in the
phrase “cloven hoof,” “cleft,” as in a “cleft palate” or “cleaved.”
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9. Resign works as a contronym in writing. This
time we have homographs, but not homophones. “Resign,” meaning ‘to
quit,’ is spelled the same as “resign,” meaning ‘to
sign up again,’ but it’s pronounced differently.
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10. Fast can mean "moving rapidly," as in "running
fast," or ‘fixed, unmoving,’ as in "holding fast." If colors are fast
they will not run. The meaning ‘firm, steadfast’ came first. The adverb
took on the sense ‘strongly, vigorously,’ which evolved into ‘quickly,’ a
meaning that spread to the adjective.
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11. Off means ‘deactivated,’ as in "to turn off," but also ‘activated,’ as in "The alarm went off."
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12. Weather can mean ‘to withstand or come safely
through,’ as in “The company weathered the recession,” or it can mean
‘to be worn away’: “The rock was weathered.”
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13. Screen can mean ‘to show’ (a movie) or ‘to hide’ (an unsightly view).
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14. Help means ‘assist,’ unless you can’t help doing something, when it means ‘prevent.’
The contronym (also spelled “contranym”) goes by many names,
including “auto-antonym,” “antagonym,” “enantiodrome,” “self-antonym,”
“antilogy” and “Janus word” (from the Roman god of beginnings and
endings, often depicted with two faces looking in opposite directions).
Can’t get enough of them? The folks at Daily Writing Tips have
rounded up even more.
Read the full text here:
http://mentalfloss.com/article/49834/14-words-are-their-own-opposites#ixzz2omZkp4dv
--brought to you by mental_floss!
11 MORE Words That Are Their Own Opposites
Thanks to all who took the time to comment on
last week’s list of contronyms.
Some of your suggestions were already lined up for this sequel, but the
first word below was good enough to bump another term from the queue.
1. Bitch
In a comment under last week’s story, reader Shawn Ravenfire pointed
out that “bitch” can refer to a woman who is considered overly
aggressive or domineering, or it can refer to someone passive or
submissive.
2. Clip
Clip can mean "to bind together" or "to separate." You clip sheets of
paper to together or separate part of a page by clipping something out.
Clip is a pair of homographs, words with different origins spelled the
same. Old English
clyppan, which means "to clasp with the arms,
embrace, hug," led to our current meaning, "to hold together with a
clasp." The other clip, "to cut or snip (a part) away," is from Old
Norse
klippa, which may come from the sound of a shears.
3. Continue
Continue usually means to persist in doing something, but as a legal term it means stop a proceeding temporarily.
4. Fight with
Fight with can be interpreted three ways. “He fought with his
mother-in-law” could mean "They argued," "They served together in the
war," or "He used the old battle-ax as a weapon." (Thanks to linguistics
professor Robert Hertz for this idea.)
5. Flog
Meaning "to punish by caning or whipping," flog shows up in school
slang of the 17th century, but now it can have the contrary meaning, "to
promote persistently," as in “flogging a new book.” Perhaps that
meaning arose from the sense ‘to urge (a horse, etc.) forward by
whipping,’ which grew out of the earliest meaning.
6. Go
Go means "to proceed," but also "give out or fail," i.e., “This car could really go until it started to go.”
7. Hold up
Hold up can mean "to support" or "to hinder": “What a friend! When
I’m struggling to get on my feet, he’s always there to hold me up.”
8. Out
Out can mean "visible" or "invisible." For example, “It’s a good thing the full moon was out when the lights went out.”
9. Out of
Out of means "outside" or "inside": “I hardly get out of the house because I work out of my home.”
10. Peer
Peer is a person of equal status (as in a jury of one’s peers), but
some peers are more equal than others, like the members of the peerage,
the British or Irish nobility.
11. Toss out
Toss out could be either "to suggest" or "to discard": “I decided to toss out the idea.”
Read the full text here:
http://mentalfloss.com/article/49952/11-more-words-are-their-own-opposites#ixzz2omZyTbQP
--brought to you by mental_floss!
